Containment pollution treatment is a technique designed to isolate contaminants from the surrounding environment in order to prevent their spread and impact on human health and the environment. This technique is often used to treat soil contaminated by hazardous chemicals or toxic waste.
Containment can be achieved in a number of ways, but the most common method is to install an impermeable barrier around the contaminated area. This barrier can be made of materials such as clay, concrete or synthetic membranes. The aim is to create a hermetically sealed zone that prevents contaminants from spreading.
Once the barrier has been installed, contaminants are confined within the delimited zone. Extraction wells can be installed to remove contaminating vapors and liquids from the confined area. These contaminants can then be treated outside the confined area.
Containment is an effective method of dealing with contaminated sites that present a high risk to human health and the environment. However, this method does not eliminate contaminants; it simply prevents them from spreading. Therefore, containment must be combined with other pollution treatment techniques to completely eliminate contaminants.
In the context of on-site remediation, other treatment methods can be used, such as anaerobic biostimulation, bioventing, composting, thermal desorption, excavation, vacuum extraction, incineration, landfarming, chemical washing, chemical oxidation, phytosanitary treatment, chemical oxidation, phytosanitary treatment, incineration, landfarming, chemical washing, chemical oxidation, phytomanagement, pyrolysis, chemical reduction, stabilization, stripping, biological treatment or granulometric sorting.