Remediation is the process of eliminating, reducing or treating pollution in soil, groundwater, surface water or air, using a variety of techniques. Here are some examples of techniques commonly used to treat pollution through remediation:
Extraction of contaminated groundwater: This technique involves extracting polluted groundwater through extraction wells, then treating it before reinjecting it into the aquifer or discharging it into a sewer system or water body.
In situ treatment: This technique involves treating pollution on site, using techniques such as bio-remediation (using micro-organisms to break down contaminants), bio-remediation stimulation (adding nutrients to stimulate the growth of micro-organisms), or chemical reduction (using chemicals to reduce contaminants).
Ex situ treatment: This technique involves removing contaminated soil or water and treating it away from the site of contamination, usually in a dedicated treatment facility. Common ex situ techniques include incineration, bioremediation, stabilization/solidification and vitrification.
Containment barriers: This technique involves isolating the pollution by creating containment barriers, such as containment walls, impermeable barriers or containment trenches.
Depending on the type and quantity of pollution, as well as the geological and hydrological characteristics of the site, different remediation techniques can be used to treat the pollution effectively.